|
Post by Carl on Nov 29, 2008 15:53:37 GMT -5
|
|
|
Post by goldenpuon on Nov 30, 2008 11:34:31 GMT -5
Thanks. I will read it over when i have time. I've heard that goldfish commonly get Aeromonas infections so it will be helpful to read. Too bad i'll never be able to pronounce it.
|
|
|
Post by Carl on Aug 3, 2012 19:19:01 GMT -5
We have updated the Fish Aeromonas article once again. This time the index was upgraded, more information as per identification was added, and more proofreading was done by my good friend Misti Carl
|
|
|
Post by Carl on Feb 11, 2013 14:03:46 GMT -5
|
|
|
Post by Carl on Oct 21, 2015 9:50:56 GMT -5
I have updated the Aeromonas article for more clarification in particular in how it pertains to internal infections of the gut & swim bladder. Here is a snip from the article: "In fact in Swim Bladder and intestinal Aeromonas infection, the MB Bath (along with possibly 1-2 teaspoons of salt and ¼ teaspoon of Epsom salt per gallon of bath water) followed by changes in water in the main aquarium, changing diet and/or withholding food for 2 days (dry foods should be soaked for 5 minutes prior to feeding), establishing a GH level of at least 100 ppm (for positive Calcium, Magnesium mineral ions) and 1 tablespoon of salt per 5 gallons may be all that is necessary for treatment. If this does not remedy the problem then treatment with medications such as Kanamycin, Metronidazole, or Neomycin in a fish food soak. My preference for intestinal infections would be a combination of Metronidazole and Neomycin in this fish food soak (these can also be used in the bath, but are not as effective in reaching the source of the infection as fish food delivery)."Reference: www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Vibrio_Aeromonas.htmlCarl
|
|
|
Post by Carl on Jun 2, 2016 8:58:19 GMT -5
I have updated the Aeromonas, Vibrio, Septicemia article. Here is an excerpt from the article: "As noted earlier in the section dealing with Dropsy, water parameters, filtration and more is important for prevention AND ongoing treatment. My extensive experience in dealing with clients/customers fish that have likely Aeromonas infections (both in person and elsewhere) have shown that often all the medications in the world will NOT work if your do not get your water in check, which not only includes the water column, but what is hidden in substrate, filters, decor, etc.!"Reference: www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Vibrio_Aeromonas.htmlCarl
|
|
|
Post by Carl on Dec 1, 2016 9:59:38 GMT -5
I have updated the Aeromonas article, in particular the section "Swim Bladder & Intestinal Bloating Infections" Here is an excerpt from this section: "With some cases of bloating (such as the picture to the right) the cause is most likely osmoregulation resulting in fluid buildup. Unfortunately, once it gets to this point, it is often not treatable, although a medicated fish bath with sodium chloride, Epsom salts, & Methylene Blue may help. However prevention is much easier, including proper mineralization (which includes a balanced Redox) a good diet with adequate fiber content (most fish food are NOT adequate in fiber content).
It is also noteworthy that swim bladder & bloating problems are a syndrome, NOT a disease per say as there are many causes or combinations there of including Aeromonas bacteria and feeding low fiber diets.
With Bettas, poor water conditions due to ammonia spikes and other water quality issues can be a cause of swim bladder Aeromonas infections. Since many bettas are not kept in filtered containers, I strongly recommend finding some way to either add a good bio filter (such as AAP Hydro Sponge #1) or adding products such as Matrix to the bowl bottom or better in a small flow through medicine bottle (AmmoChips and other similar products can be used, but these are not as effective long term for these ammonia spikes).
Generally for Swim Bladder infections simple fish baths described later in this article should be the first treatment step as well as withholding food for a couple days, and increasing mineral/electrolyte levels in the tank (this can be done with products such as Regular or Medicated Wonder Shells which are also especially helpful for fish such as Bettas not kept in filtered aquariums.
Another simple remedy for swim bladder or other bloating issues is a thawed and shelled frozen pea fed to the fish. While this is more for constipation, if constipation is at the root or even just a part of the problem, this can help as can feeding frozen, live, or even FD Brine Shrimp. A fish food with a high amount of pea flour is also a plus, at the very least for prevention. In part because pea flour improves fiber while limiting protein which in 99% of commercial fish foods are MUCH too low in fiber (including most so-called premium brands such as NLS or Northfin). More bluntly, a low fiber fish feeding diet is one of the main causes bloating in fish, so switching diets is at the very least a preventative that should be followed!"Reference: www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Vibrio_Aeromonas.html#swim_bladderCarl
|
|
|
Post by Carl on Jul 20, 2017 8:56:02 GMT -5
I have further updated the Aeromonas/Vibrio article Here is an excerpt from the treatment section: "Nitrofurazone for more serious infections, which SHOULD be combined with Kanamycin for an even stronger combination treatment is generally my recommended default staring place for in tank or hospital tank treatment. Neomycin is an excellent antibiotic when mixed with food that delivers medications internally to infections (although this is primarily a gram positive antibiotic, it is anaerobic in activity and it should be combined with a gram negative antibiotic such as Kanamycin for better results). An alternative for Aeromonas infections is Doxycycline Triple Sulfa is also a medication worth considering, especially in cases of Septicemia (caused by Aeromonas or other pathogens). Although not the strongest medication for serious cases of Aeromonas, Triple Sulfa is often effective for the red streaks found in fins even though the fish may be healing otherwise. A Triple Sulfa treatment for red streaks is often boosted with the addition of a medicated bath using Methylene Blue and salt with direct application of Methylene Blue to the affected area immediately prior to the bath. Please see this article for more about fish baths: Fish Baths for treatment of bacterial infections, red streaks Another antibiotic that may be worth considering for some Amazon River tanks is Minocycline (Link) which is found in Maracyn Two (do not confuse this with Maracyn One which contains Erythromycin which is rarely effective for Aeromonas) or Tetracycline Hydrochloride. This said, both being Tetracyclines, these can have many drawbacks for many aquarium applications (including being less effective with gram negative bacterium) and should only used in rare instances (please follow the previously noted link for further information). Aquarium Salt or AAP Cichlid Salt can also be added at a rate of 1 tablespoon per 5 net gallons of water as an additional treatment to those above and the baths below (for livebearers, brackish, puffer, etc. a good marine salt is suggested). However sodium chloride rarely replaces these treatments, only compliments."Reference: www.americanaquariumproducts.com/Vibrio_Aeromonas.htmlCarl
|
|
|
Post by Carl on Oct 3, 2017 16:39:08 GMT -5
I have updated the Aquarium Fish Aeromonas Bacterium article Here is an excerpt from the treatment section as per sore/ulcerations: "For ulcerations/sores (which are quite common with Aeromonas), I often recommend a direct swab with Merbromin.
I also recommend medicated baths of about 30 minutes using either Methylene Blue or Potassium Permanganate at double normal in tank strength using tank water for this bath, then disposing of the bath water after completion. Potassium Permanganate is the slightly better choice for external infections of Aeromonas as it has more antibacterial properties due to oxidation (do not mix PP with any other medications though). Methylene Blue is the better choice for internal manifestations of this bacterial pathogen such as Swim Bladder, intestinal, Dropsy or Pop-Eye due to its effectiveness in tissue penetration. In fact in Swim Bladder and intestinal Aeromonas infection, the MB Bath (along with possibly 1-2 teaspoons of salt and ¼ teaspoon of Epsom salt per gallon of bath water) followed by changes in water in the main aquarium, changing diet and/or withholding food for 2 days (dry foods should be soaked for 5 minutes prior to feeding), establishing a GH level of at least 100 ppm (for positive Calcium, Magnesium mineral ions) and 1 tablespoon of salt per 5 gallons may be all that is necessary for treatment.
If this does not remedy the problem then treatment with medications such as Kanamycin, Metronidazole, or Neomycin in a fish food soak. My preference for intestinal infections would be a combination of Metronidazole and Neomycin in this fish food soak (these can also be used in the bath, but are not as effective in reaching the source of the infection as fish food delivery)."Carl
|
|
|
Post by Carl on Jan 3, 2018 11:58:14 GMT -5
I have further updated this article, including in the section about "Pop eye" Excerpt: "Pop Eye POP EYE: As noted earlier, Aeromonas (along with Pseudomonas Bacteria which is also gram negative but is aerobic) is one of the more common causes of bacterial “pop-eye” in fish. A recent university study dealing with Trout found that removing stressors (including oxidative stress) and improving oxygen levels often cleared eye infections without medication (although sometimes direct medication applications such as Silver Nitrate, Merbromin, or Potassium Permanganate and hospital tank treatment with Erythromycin or a Kanamycin/Nitrofurazone is necessary).
Even though Pop-Eye is a symptom of more than one possible cause (such as Aeromonas), one thing that is common to this malady is fluid build up behind the eye. So improving osmotic function (as in Dropsy) with correct mineralization is important (as noted later in the prevention section), as well medicated baths, swabs, or dips are often useful in curing/treating this condition. I often find a dip to work better than a bath for a severe stubborn case of Pop-Eye where the causes have been eliminated, yet the fluid remains. "AND "PREVENTION
* Proper mineralization is important for correct osmoregulation which in turn allows for better oxygen permeation (which recent studies show is important to fish eye infections). This is where the use of products such as AAP Wonder Shells are helpful."Carl
|
|